Tendências e implicações da automedicação na pandemia da COVID-19
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Nov 30, 2024
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Resumo
Objetivo: Investigar as tendências atuais e as implicações da automedicação durante a pandemia de Covid-19, analisando os padrões de uso de medicamentos. Métodos: Revisão integrativa dos últimos 5 anos, utilizando os descritores "Self-medication" e "Covid" no PubMed. Resultados: A pesquisa inicial resultou em 133 estudos, dos quais 17 foram considerados elegíveis após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão. Esta revisão evidenciou a disseminação generalizada da automedicação, impulsionada pela ansiedade, medo e pânico associados à pandemia, levando a um aumento global nas taxas de automedicação, inclusive entre profissionais de saúde. A população recorreu a diferentes fontes de obtenção de medicamentos, resultando no consumo de diversas classes de fármacos para alívio sintomático, muitas vezes ignorando os riscos potenciais associados ao uso irracional de medicamentos. Considerações finais: Dessa forma, faz-se necessário medidas por parte das autoridades para desencorajar a prática da automedicação. Destacam-se entre as estratégias a divulgação dos riscos associados à automedicação e o incentivo à busca de serviços de saúde para orientação adequada e tratamento eficaz.
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Como Citar
SoaresT. E. de O., SouzaI. de J., SilvaC. A. da, RibeiroC. H. M. A., SousaC. J. P. de, & Lo PreteA. C. (2024). Tendências e implicações da automedicação na pandemia da COVID-19. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 24(11), e16702. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e16702.2024
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica
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Referências
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3. ARIAS F, et al. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Self-Medication Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador. Medicina, 2022; 58(11): 1678.
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10. GAVIRIA-MENDOZA A, et al. Self-medication and the ‘infodemic’during mandatory preventive isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety,2022; 13: 20420986221072376.
11. GERBIER A, et al. Self-reported medication use among pregnant and postpartum women during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A European multinational cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022; 19(9): 5335.
12. GRANT WB, et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients,2020; 12(4): 988.
13. ISLAM MDS, et al. Treatment, persistent symptoms, and depression in people infected with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021; 18(4): 1453.
14. KASSIE AD, et al. Self-medication practice and associated factors among adult household members in Meket district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2017. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2018; 19(1): 1-8.
15. KIM HK, et al. Effects of COVID-19 misinformation on information seeking, avoidance, and processing: A multicountry comparative study. Science Communication, 2020; 42(5): 586-615.
16. KIM MS, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 2020; 17(12): 1003501.
17. KIMATHI G, et al. A cross-sectional study of antimicrobial use among self-medicating COVID-19 cases in Nyeri County, Kenya. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 2022; 11(1): 1-12.
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19. MAHMOUDI H. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding antibiotic self-treatment use among COVID-19 patients. GMS Hygiene and Infection Control, 2022; 17.
20. MORGAN DJ e OKEKE IN. Laxminarayan Ret al. Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis, 2011; 11: 692-701.
21. ONCHONGA D, et al. Assessing the prevalence of self-medication among healthcare workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Kenya. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2020; 28(10): 1149-1154.
22. OKOYE OC, et al. Self medication practices and its determinants in health care professionals during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: cross-sectional study. International journal of clinical pharmacy,2022; 44(2): 507-516.
23. ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE. Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medicinal products for use in self-medication. World Health Organization, 2000.
24. PAN H, et al. Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19-Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results. Lancet, 2022; 399: 1941-1953.
25. PARULEKAR M, et al. Self medication in developing countries a systematic review. 2016.
26. QUISPE-CAÑARI JF, et al. Self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in Peru: A cross-sectional survey. Saudi pharmaceutical journal, 2021; 29(1): 1-11.
27. RANGARI GM. et al. Prevalence of self-medication in rural area of Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020; 9(6): 2891.
28. RECOVERY COLLABORATIVE GROUP. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine,2021; 384(8): 693-704.
29. ROMANO S, et al. Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2021; 17(1): 1876-1881.
30. RUIZ-PADILLA AJ, et al. Use of allopathic and complementary medicine for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexican adults: a national survey. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal,2021; 29(9): 1056-1060.
31. SADIO AJ, et al. Assessment of self-medication practices in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Togo. BMC public health, 2021; 21(1): 1-9.
32. SADO E, et al. Epidemiology of self-medication with modern medicines among health care professionals in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia. BMC research notes, 2017; 10(1): 1-5.
33. SHEHNAZ SI, et al. A systematic review of self-medication practices among adolescents. Journal of adolescent health,2014; 55(4): 467-483.
34. SILVA DG, et al. Possíveis tratamentos farmacológicos em fase de estudos para pacientes sintomáticos de COVID-19: Uma revisão integrativa. Pesquisa, Sociedade e Desenvolvimento, 2021; 10(6): 37910615579-37910615579.
35.THOMAS S, et al. Effect of high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual care on symptom length and reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2021; 4(2): 210369-210369.
36. TOURE A, et al. Self-medication against COVID-19 in health workers in Conakry, Guinea. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2022; 13(2).
37. VALLEJOS J, et al. Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC infectious diseases, 2021; 21(1): 11.
38. VASQUEZ-ELERA LE, et al. Self-medication in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in northern Peru. Germs, 2022; 12(1): 46.
39. WEGBOM AI, et al. Self-medication practices and associated factors in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 virus: a population-based survey in Nigeria. Frontiers in public health, 2021; 9: 606801.
40. ZHANG A, et al. Self-medication with antibiotics for protection against COVID-19: the role of psychological distress, knowledge of, and experiences with antibiotics. Antibiotics, 2021; 10(3): 232.
2. AMENTA E, et al. A survey on self-medication for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and distrust in healthcare of veterans in a primary care setting in the United States. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 2022; 13: 20420986221143265.
3. ARIAS F, et al. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Self-Medication Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador. Medicina, 2022; 58(11): 1678.
4. BATISTA EL. Grupo de médicos defende tratamento sem eficácia comprovada contra Covid-19 em jornais. In: FOLHA DE SÃO PAULO.2021; Disponível em: https ://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2021/02/grupo-de-medicos-defende-tratamento-precoce-sem-eficacia-contra-covid-19-em-jornais.shtml.
5. CHAUDHRY B, et al. Factors Associated with Self-Medication during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan. Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2022; 7(11): 330.
6. D’ARQOM A, et al. “Anti-COVID-19” medications, supplements, and mental health status in indonesian mothers with school-age children. International Journal of Women's Health, 2021; 699-709.
7. DAY RO, et al. The position of paracetamol in the world of analgesics. American Journal of Therapeutics, 2000; 7(2): 51-54.
8. ELAYEH E, et al. Prevalence and predictors of self‐medication drugs to prevent or treat COVID‐19: Experience from a Middle Eastern country. International journal of clinical practice,2021; 75(11): 14860.
9. FURTADO RHM, et al. Azithromycin in addition to standard of care versus standard of care alone in the treatment of patients admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19 in Brazil (COALITION II): a randomised clinical trial. The Lancet, 2020; 396(10256): 959-967.
10. GAVIRIA-MENDOZA A, et al. Self-medication and the ‘infodemic’during mandatory preventive isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety,2022; 13: 20420986221072376.
11. GERBIER A, et al. Self-reported medication use among pregnant and postpartum women during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A European multinational cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022; 19(9): 5335.
12. GRANT WB, et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients,2020; 12(4): 988.
13. ISLAM MDS, et al. Treatment, persistent symptoms, and depression in people infected with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021; 18(4): 1453.
14. KASSIE AD, et al. Self-medication practice and associated factors among adult household members in Meket district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2017. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2018; 19(1): 1-8.
15. KIM HK, et al. Effects of COVID-19 misinformation on information seeking, avoidance, and processing: A multicountry comparative study. Science Communication, 2020; 42(5): 586-615.
16. KIM MS, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 2020; 17(12): 1003501.
17. KIMATHI G, et al. A cross-sectional study of antimicrobial use among self-medicating COVID-19 cases in Nyeri County, Kenya. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 2022; 11(1): 1-12.
18. KINDZEKA ME. Hundreds Rush for Popular Cleric’s Herbal COVID « Cure » In: CAMEROON. 2020. Availeble from: https ://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/hundreds-rush-popular-clerics-herbal-covid-cure-cameroon.
19. MAHMOUDI H. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding antibiotic self-treatment use among COVID-19 patients. GMS Hygiene and Infection Control, 2022; 17.
20. MORGAN DJ e OKEKE IN. Laxminarayan Ret al. Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis, 2011; 11: 692-701.
21. ONCHONGA D, et al. Assessing the prevalence of self-medication among healthcare workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Kenya. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2020; 28(10): 1149-1154.
22. OKOYE OC, et al. Self medication practices and its determinants in health care professionals during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: cross-sectional study. International journal of clinical pharmacy,2022; 44(2): 507-516.
23. ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE. Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medicinal products for use in self-medication. World Health Organization, 2000.
24. PAN H, et al. Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19-Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results. Lancet, 2022; 399: 1941-1953.
25. PARULEKAR M, et al. Self medication in developing countries a systematic review. 2016.
26. QUISPE-CAÑARI JF, et al. Self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in Peru: A cross-sectional survey. Saudi pharmaceutical journal, 2021; 29(1): 1-11.
27. RANGARI GM. et al. Prevalence of self-medication in rural area of Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020; 9(6): 2891.
28. RECOVERY COLLABORATIVE GROUP. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine,2021; 384(8): 693-704.
29. ROMANO S, et al. Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2021; 17(1): 1876-1881.
30. RUIZ-PADILLA AJ, et al. Use of allopathic and complementary medicine for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexican adults: a national survey. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal,2021; 29(9): 1056-1060.
31. SADIO AJ, et al. Assessment of self-medication practices in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Togo. BMC public health, 2021; 21(1): 1-9.
32. SADO E, et al. Epidemiology of self-medication with modern medicines among health care professionals in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia. BMC research notes, 2017; 10(1): 1-5.
33. SHEHNAZ SI, et al. A systematic review of self-medication practices among adolescents. Journal of adolescent health,2014; 55(4): 467-483.
34. SILVA DG, et al. Possíveis tratamentos farmacológicos em fase de estudos para pacientes sintomáticos de COVID-19: Uma revisão integrativa. Pesquisa, Sociedade e Desenvolvimento, 2021; 10(6): 37910615579-37910615579.
35.THOMAS S, et al. Effect of high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual care on symptom length and reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2021; 4(2): 210369-210369.
36. TOURE A, et al. Self-medication against COVID-19 in health workers in Conakry, Guinea. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2022; 13(2).
37. VALLEJOS J, et al. Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC infectious diseases, 2021; 21(1): 11.
38. VASQUEZ-ELERA LE, et al. Self-medication in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in northern Peru. Germs, 2022; 12(1): 46.
39. WEGBOM AI, et al. Self-medication practices and associated factors in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 virus: a population-based survey in Nigeria. Frontiers in public health, 2021; 9: 606801.
40. ZHANG A, et al. Self-medication with antibiotics for protection against COVID-19: the role of psychological distress, knowledge of, and experiences with antibiotics. Antibiotics, 2021; 10(3): 232.