Microbioma intestinal: influência na saúde infantil e potencial de novas intervenções
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Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial das estratégias nutricionais como probióticos e prebióticos na modulação positiva do microbioma intestinal de recém-nascidos e bebês, visando promover a saúde infantil. Revisão de literatura: Probióticos reduzem citocinas pró-inflamatórias e aumentam as anti-inflamatórias, influenciando a diferenciação de linfócitos T. Combinações de Lactobacillus e Bifidobacterium reduzem mortalidade e enterocolite necrosante em prematuros. Auxiliam na restauração de filos benéficos após antibióticos. Promovem equilíbrio microecológico inicial e melhoram a barreira intestinal, reduzindo permeabilidade e resposta alérgica. Podem reduzir dias com infecções respiratórias e febre, além de episódios de regurgitação. Já os prebióticos estimulam seletivamente o crescimento de bifidobactérias, que produzem metabólitos anti-inflamatórios. Ademais, reduzem pH fecal, tornando o ambiente menos favorável a patógenos. Promovem o crescimento de bifidobactérias em recém-nascidos de cesárea. Estimulam a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, com efeitos sobre controle glicêmico, peso e saciedade. Aproxima-se a composição da microbiota de bebês alimentados com fórmula à dos amamentados. Considerações finais: Conclui-se que probióticos e prebióticos modulam positivamente o microbioma intestinal, promovendo bactérias benéficas e ações anti-inflamatórias. Isso pode ter implicações positivas no desenvolvimento do sistema imunológico infantil e na promoção da saúde.
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