Atualizações no panorama do diabetes mellitus tipo 1
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Nov 30, 2024
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Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar as principais atualizações sobre a influência do diabetes mellitus (DM1) na gravidez, doenças cardiovasculares e COVID-19, bem como a genética e o tratamento da doença. Revisão bibliográfica: O DM1 é uma condição autoimune complexa, marcada pela perda das células β pancreáticas, levando à insuficiência na produção de insulina. A sua incidência cresceu mundialmente desde os anos 1950, aumentando, nas últimas três décadas, entre 3% e 4%. O DM1 traz implicações significativas para condições como hipertensão, doença arterial periférica e coronariana, bem como seus portadores podem ter maior risco para complicações relacionadas à COVID-19. Mulheres grávidas com DM1 apresentam riscos obstétricos e neonatais adversos. O tratamento da doença envolve a administração de insulina e os avanços recentes têm focado em promover um melhor controle da glicemia e reduzir o risco de complicações. Considerações finais: O diagnóstico e tratamento precoce do DM1 reflete na morbimortalidade dos pacientes, pois evita complicações durante o desenvolvimento de outras doenças simultâneas e melhora a qualidade de vida das pessoas portadoras. É de suma importância que a equipe multidisciplinar se mantenha atualizada e na procura por inovações sobre a doença.
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Como Citar
TatenoJ. J., MarinhoG. R., VianaM. V. M., & BarrosoW. A. (2024). Atualizações no panorama do diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 24(11), e16829. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e16829.2024
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica
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Referências
1. AKIL AA, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of type 1 diabetes at the dawn of the personalized medicine era. J Transl Med, 2021; 19(1): 137.
2. AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43(1): 14-31.
3. BARRETT CE, et al. Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes >30 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Aged <18 Years - United States, March 1, 2020-June 28, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2022; 71(2): 59-65.
4. BECK RW, et al. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama, 2017; 317(4): 371-378.
5. BENHALIMA K, et al. Management of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy: update on lifestyle, pharmacological treatment, and novel technologies for achieving glycaemic targets. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2023; 11(7): 490-508.
6. Chen S, Du K, Zou C. Current progress in stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020 Jul 8;11(1): 275.
7. CICHOCKA E, et al. Adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endokrynol Pol, 2021; 72(1): 87-88.
8. COBAS R, et al. Diagnóstico do diabetes e rastreamento do diabetes tipo 2. Diretriz Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. 2023. Disponível em: https ://diretriz.diabetes.org.br/diagnostico-e-rastreamento-do-diabetes-tipo-2/#citacao. Acessado em: 31 de março de 2024.
9. DIMEGLIO LA. COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes: Addressing Concerns and Maintaining Control. Diabetes Care, 2021; 44(9): 1924-1928.
10. DINNYES A, et al. Integration of nano- and biotechnology for beta-cell and islet transplantation in type-1 diabetes treatment. Cell Prolif, 2020; 53(5): 12785.
11. DOST A, et al. 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline: Impact on Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43(6): 1311-1318.
12. ELIASSON B, et al. The significance of chronic kidney disease, heart failure and cardiovascular disease for mortality in type 1 diabetes: nationwide observational study. Sci Rep, 2022; 12(1): 17950.
13. HAAK T, et al. Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 2019; 127(1): 27-38.
14. HELMAN A e MELTON DA. A Stem Cell Approach to Cure Type 1 Diabetes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2021; 13(1): 35741.
15. HOGREBE NJ, et al. Developments in stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy for treating type 1 diabetes. Cell Stem Cell, 2023; 30(5): 530-548.
16. IMAFUKU H, et al. Advantages of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig, 2023; 14(12): 1383-1390.
17. JAFFAR F, et al. Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review of Complications and Management. Curr Diabetes Ver, 2022; 18(7): 051121197761.
18. JULIÁN MT, et al. The double burden: type 1 diabetes and heart failure-a comprehensive review. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2024; 23(1): 65.
19. LITHOVIUS R, et al. The many faces of hypertension in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2023; 197: 110564.
20. LIU Z, et al. Causal associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2023; 22(1): 236.
21. LORETELLI C, et al. Cell therapy for type 1 diabetes. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2020; 20(8): 887–897.
22. MCGLACKEN-BYRNE SM, et al. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is associated with increased severity of presentation of childhood onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a multi-centre study of the first COVID-19 wave. Diabet. Med, 2021; 38(9): 14640.
23. NWOKOLO M e HOVORKA R. The Artificial Pancreas and Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023; 108(7): 1614-1623.
24. PASTORE I, et al. The impact of diabetes mellitus on the onset of cardiovascular risk in children and teenagers. Int J Mol Sci, 2020; 21(14): 4928.
25. PENG X, et al. Preclinical models for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - A practical approach for research. Int J Med Sci, 2023; 20(12): 1644-1661.
26. PITOCCO D, et al. Lack of type 1 diabetes involvement in SARS-COV-2 population: Only a particular coincidence? Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract, 2020; 164: 108220.
27. PRATLEY RE, et al. Wireless Innovation for Seniors With Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) Study Group. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Hypoglycemia in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020; 323(23): 2397-2406.
28. PRIMAVERA M, et al. Prediction and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020; 11: 248.
29. QU HQ, et al. Improved genetic risk scoring algorithm for type 1 diabetes prediction. Pediatr Diabetes, 2022; 23(3): 320-323.
30. RANKIN D, et al. Rollout of Closed-Loop Technology to Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Healthcare Professionals' Views About Potential Challenges and Solutions. Diabetes Technol Ther, 2023; 25(4): 260-269.
31. REDONDO MJ, et al. Type 1 diabetes in diverse ancestries and the use of genetic risk scores. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022; 10(8): 597-608.
32. RODACKI M, et al. Classificação do diabetes. Diretriz Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. 2023. Disponível em: https ://diretriz.diabetes.org.br/classificacao-do-diabetes/#citacao. Acessado em: 25 de março de 2024.
33. RODRIGUES OLIVEIRA SM, et al. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review on Advances and Challenges in Creating Insulin Producing Devices. Micromachines (Basel). 2023;14(1): 151.
34. RUBINO F, et al. New-onset diabetes in Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 2020; 383(8): 789-790.
35. SANCHEZ M, et al. Leukocyte telomere length, allelic variations in related genes and risk of coronary heart disease in people with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2022; 21(1): 206.
36. TANG X, et al. Fulminant type 1 diabetes after COVID-19 vaccination. Diabetes Metab, 2022; 48(2): 101324.
37. TOMMERDAHL KL, et al. Early microvascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: recent developments and updates. Pediatr Nephrol, 2022; 37(1): 79-93.
38. UNSWORTH R, et al. New-onset type 1 diabetes in children during COVID-19: multicenter regional findings in the U.K. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43(11): 170-171.
39. WEISS A, et al. Type 1 Diabetes Incidence and Risk in Children With a Diagnosis of COVID-19. JAMA, 2023; 329(23): 2089-2091.
40. YAPANIS M, et al. Complications of Diabetes and Metrics of Glycemic Management Derived From Continuous Glucose Monitoring. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2022; 107(6): 2221-2236.
2. AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43(1): 14-31.
3. BARRETT CE, et al. Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes >30 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Aged <18 Years - United States, March 1, 2020-June 28, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2022; 71(2): 59-65.
4. BECK RW, et al. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama, 2017; 317(4): 371-378.
5. BENHALIMA K, et al. Management of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy: update on lifestyle, pharmacological treatment, and novel technologies for achieving glycaemic targets. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2023; 11(7): 490-508.
6. Chen S, Du K, Zou C. Current progress in stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020 Jul 8;11(1): 275.
7. CICHOCKA E, et al. Adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endokrynol Pol, 2021; 72(1): 87-88.
8. COBAS R, et al. Diagnóstico do diabetes e rastreamento do diabetes tipo 2. Diretriz Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. 2023. Disponível em: https ://diretriz.diabetes.org.br/diagnostico-e-rastreamento-do-diabetes-tipo-2/#citacao. Acessado em: 31 de março de 2024.
9. DIMEGLIO LA. COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes: Addressing Concerns and Maintaining Control. Diabetes Care, 2021; 44(9): 1924-1928.
10. DINNYES A, et al. Integration of nano- and biotechnology for beta-cell and islet transplantation in type-1 diabetes treatment. Cell Prolif, 2020; 53(5): 12785.
11. DOST A, et al. 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline: Impact on Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43(6): 1311-1318.
12. ELIASSON B, et al. The significance of chronic kidney disease, heart failure and cardiovascular disease for mortality in type 1 diabetes: nationwide observational study. Sci Rep, 2022; 12(1): 17950.
13. HAAK T, et al. Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 2019; 127(1): 27-38.
14. HELMAN A e MELTON DA. A Stem Cell Approach to Cure Type 1 Diabetes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2021; 13(1): 35741.
15. HOGREBE NJ, et al. Developments in stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy for treating type 1 diabetes. Cell Stem Cell, 2023; 30(5): 530-548.
16. IMAFUKU H, et al. Advantages of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig, 2023; 14(12): 1383-1390.
17. JAFFAR F, et al. Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review of Complications and Management. Curr Diabetes Ver, 2022; 18(7): 051121197761.
18. JULIÁN MT, et al. The double burden: type 1 diabetes and heart failure-a comprehensive review. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2024; 23(1): 65.
19. LITHOVIUS R, et al. The many faces of hypertension in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2023; 197: 110564.
20. LIU Z, et al. Causal associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2023; 22(1): 236.
21. LORETELLI C, et al. Cell therapy for type 1 diabetes. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2020; 20(8): 887–897.
22. MCGLACKEN-BYRNE SM, et al. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is associated with increased severity of presentation of childhood onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a multi-centre study of the first COVID-19 wave. Diabet. Med, 2021; 38(9): 14640.
23. NWOKOLO M e HOVORKA R. The Artificial Pancreas and Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023; 108(7): 1614-1623.
24. PASTORE I, et al. The impact of diabetes mellitus on the onset of cardiovascular risk in children and teenagers. Int J Mol Sci, 2020; 21(14): 4928.
25. PENG X, et al. Preclinical models for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - A practical approach for research. Int J Med Sci, 2023; 20(12): 1644-1661.
26. PITOCCO D, et al. Lack of type 1 diabetes involvement in SARS-COV-2 population: Only a particular coincidence? Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract, 2020; 164: 108220.
27. PRATLEY RE, et al. Wireless Innovation for Seniors With Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) Study Group. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Hypoglycemia in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020; 323(23): 2397-2406.
28. PRIMAVERA M, et al. Prediction and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020; 11: 248.
29. QU HQ, et al. Improved genetic risk scoring algorithm for type 1 diabetes prediction. Pediatr Diabetes, 2022; 23(3): 320-323.
30. RANKIN D, et al. Rollout of Closed-Loop Technology to Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Healthcare Professionals' Views About Potential Challenges and Solutions. Diabetes Technol Ther, 2023; 25(4): 260-269.
31. REDONDO MJ, et al. Type 1 diabetes in diverse ancestries and the use of genetic risk scores. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022; 10(8): 597-608.
32. RODACKI M, et al. Classificação do diabetes. Diretriz Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. 2023. Disponível em: https ://diretriz.diabetes.org.br/classificacao-do-diabetes/#citacao. Acessado em: 25 de março de 2024.
33. RODRIGUES OLIVEIRA SM, et al. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review on Advances and Challenges in Creating Insulin Producing Devices. Micromachines (Basel). 2023;14(1): 151.
34. RUBINO F, et al. New-onset diabetes in Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 2020; 383(8): 789-790.
35. SANCHEZ M, et al. Leukocyte telomere length, allelic variations in related genes and risk of coronary heart disease in people with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2022; 21(1): 206.
36. TANG X, et al. Fulminant type 1 diabetes after COVID-19 vaccination. Diabetes Metab, 2022; 48(2): 101324.
37. TOMMERDAHL KL, et al. Early microvascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: recent developments and updates. Pediatr Nephrol, 2022; 37(1): 79-93.
38. UNSWORTH R, et al. New-onset type 1 diabetes in children during COVID-19: multicenter regional findings in the U.K. Diabetes Care, 2020; 43(11): 170-171.
39. WEISS A, et al. Type 1 Diabetes Incidence and Risk in Children With a Diagnosis of COVID-19. JAMA, 2023; 329(23): 2089-2091.
40. YAPANIS M, et al. Complications of Diabetes and Metrics of Glycemic Management Derived From Continuous Glucose Monitoring. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2022; 107(6): 2221-2236.