Obstáculos para o diagnóstico e tratamento do transtorno do espectro autista
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Oct 18, 2024
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Resumo
Objective: To understand the obstacles that reduce accessibility to the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Literature review: ASD is a disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, impairments in communication and restricted patterns of behavior. Its diagnosis is clinical, based on behavioral observations and the patient's history and on criteria defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM – 5). Treatment includes pharmacological and behavioral approaches. However, the difficulties and challenges found in the literature include the symptomatological heterogeneity of ASD, the need for training health professionals and a more accurate assessment through a multidisciplinary team. Late diagnosis or its absence can lead to unfavorable outcomes in adult life, such as: anxiety, depression, and difficulty in interpersonal relationships. Recent studies include the use of specific biomarkers and innovative therapies that are not yet accessible. Final considerations: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are ideal for improving the quality of life of individuals with ASD. The importance of the doctor and new studies to improve therapeutic choice in ASD is also highlighted.
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Como Citar
SousaA. C. S. de, AmorimN. K. C., SaraivaJ. M. L., & SerraM. B. (2024). Obstáculos para o diagnóstico e tratamento do transtorno do espectro autista. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 24(10), e16973. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e16973.2024
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica
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Referências
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11. HOSSEINI SA e MOLLA M. Asperger Syndrome. StatPearls Publishing, 2024; 170(5): 382-387.
12. LIU X, et al. Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism, 2022; 26(1): 33–50.
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17. MASON D, et al. A Systematic Review of What Barriers and Facilitators Prevent and Enable Physical Healthcare Services Access for Autistic Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019; 49(8): 3387–400.
18. MATTOS JC. Alterações sensoriais no Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA): implicações no desenvolvimento e na aprendizagem. Revista Psicopedagogia, 2019; 36(109): 87–95.
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22. NOVAES AFP. A importância do profissional psicólogo na terapia do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na infância. Dissertação (Graduação em Psicologia) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2022; 36.
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24. PACHEVA I, et al. Epilepsy in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Children (Basel), 2019; 6(2): 15.
25. PARELLADA M. What does the future hold for Asperger syndrome? Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 2020; 13(3): 115–7.
26. PATEL M, et al. A Systematic Review of Mixed Studies Exploring the Effects of Probiotics on Gut-Microbiome to Modulate Therapy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cureus, 2022; 14(12): 32313.
27. PIRES JF, et al. The challenges for early intervention and its effects on the prognosis of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 2024; 18: 20230034.
28. ROSEN NE, et al. The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021; 51(12): 4253–70.
29. SONG C, et al. Factors affecting knowledge of autism spectrum disorder among pediatric residents in eastern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 2022; 22: 699.
30. SOUSA DLD, et al. Análise do comportamento aplicada: a percepção de pais e profissionais acerca do tratamento em crianças com espectro autista. Contextos Clínicos, 2020; 13(1): 105–24.
31. SOARES LS e OLIVEIRA GS. Síndrome de Asperger: manifestações clínicas e sua relação com a dupla-excepcionalidade. Revista Interdisciplinar em Saúde, 2020; 551-562.
32. THABTAH F e PEEBLES D. Early Autism Screening: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019; 16(18): 3502.
33. VARGASON T, et al. Towards a Multivariate Biomarker-Based Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review and Discussion of Recent Advancements. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 2020; 34: 100803.
34. VOLKMAR FR e WIESNER LA. Autismo: Guia Essencial para Compreensão e Tratamento. Artmed Editora; 2019; 453.
35.WEI H, et al. Awareness and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Western China: Promoting early identification and intervention. Front Psychiatry, 2022; 13: 970611.
36. YU Z, et al. Efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions targeting social function in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 2023; 18(9): 0291720.
37. ZABLOTSKY B, et al. Geographic Disparities in Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Academic Pediatrics, 2019; 19(7): 740–7.
38. ZHUANG H, et al. Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy. MedComm, 2024; 5(3): 497.
2. AMONKAR N, et al. Effects of Creative Movement Therapies on Social Communication, Behavioral-Affective, Sensorimotor, Cognitive, and Functional Participation Skills of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021; 12: 722874.
3. ARAN A e CAYAM RD. Cannabinoid treatment for the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2024; 1–15.
4. BANKS HC. Transtorno do espectro autístico: desafio ministerial. Protestantismo em Revista, 2019; 44(2): 111–38.
5. BARROSO LKG e SCHETTINO RR. Asperger’s syndrome: integrative review about the disorder. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2021; 4(4): 15147–68.
6. BRITES L e BRITES C. Mentes únicas. 1. ed. São Paulo: Editora Gente, 2019; 120.
7. CUCINOTTA F, et al. Impact of Three Kinds of Early Interventions on Developmental Profile in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(18): 5424.
8. DAS S, et al. Machine learning approaches for electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography analyses in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2023; 123: 110705.
9. GENOVESE A, et al. Clinical Assessment, Genetics, and Treatment Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020; 21(13): 4726.
10. GUERRERO MGB e SOBOTKA SA. Understanding the Barriers to Receiving Autism Diagnoses for Hispanic and Latinx Families. Pediatric Annals, 2022; 51(4): 167–71.
11. HOSSEINI SA e MOLLA M. Asperger Syndrome. StatPearls Publishing, 2024; 170(5): 382-387.
12. LIU X, et al. Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism, 2022; 26(1): 33–50.
13. LOCKWOOD EG, et al. Barriers to Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis for Young Women and Girls: a Systematic Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021; 8(4): 454–70.
14. LYRIO ACO e AMARAL SCS. A tecnologia como ferramenta para aprendizagem das crianças com síndrome de asperger na educação infantil. Revista Educacional Interdisciplinar, 2019; 10.
15. LOFFI RG, et al. Theoretical-Methodological Foundations for the Global Integration Method (Método de Integração Global-MIG) in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Children (Basel), 2024; 11(2): 191.
16. MALIK-SONI N, et al. Tackling healthcare access barriers for individuals with autism from diagnosis to adulthood. Pediatric Research, 2022; 91(5): 1028–35.
17. MASON D, et al. A Systematic Review of What Barriers and Facilitators Prevent and Enable Physical Healthcare Services Access for Autistic Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019; 49(8): 3387–400.
18. MATTOS JC. Alterações sensoriais no Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA): implicações no desenvolvimento e na aprendizagem. Revista Psicopedagogia, 2019; 36(109): 87–95.
19. MERCADO W. TEA – Diagnóstico precoce com reflexos na qualidade de vida da criança e da família. Research, Society and Development, 2022; 11: 544111537482.
20. MIRKOVIC B e GÉRARDIN P. Asperger’s syndrome: What to consider? L’Encéphale, 2019; 45(2): 169–74.
21. MOTLANI V, et al. Asperger Syndrome (AS): A Review Article. Cureus, 2022; 14(11): 31395.
22. NOVAES AFP. A importância do profissional psicólogo na terapia do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na infância. Dissertação (Graduação em Psicologia) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2022; 36.
23. OKOYE C, et al. Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review and Analysis of the Risks and Benefits. Cureus, 2023; 15(8): 43226.
24. PACHEVA I, et al. Epilepsy in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Children (Basel), 2019; 6(2): 15.
25. PARELLADA M. What does the future hold for Asperger syndrome? Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 2020; 13(3): 115–7.
26. PATEL M, et al. A Systematic Review of Mixed Studies Exploring the Effects of Probiotics on Gut-Microbiome to Modulate Therapy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cureus, 2022; 14(12): 32313.
27. PIRES JF, et al. The challenges for early intervention and its effects on the prognosis of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 2024; 18: 20230034.
28. ROSEN NE, et al. The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021; 51(12): 4253–70.
29. SONG C, et al. Factors affecting knowledge of autism spectrum disorder among pediatric residents in eastern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 2022; 22: 699.
30. SOUSA DLD, et al. Análise do comportamento aplicada: a percepção de pais e profissionais acerca do tratamento em crianças com espectro autista. Contextos Clínicos, 2020; 13(1): 105–24.
31. SOARES LS e OLIVEIRA GS. Síndrome de Asperger: manifestações clínicas e sua relação com a dupla-excepcionalidade. Revista Interdisciplinar em Saúde, 2020; 551-562.
32. THABTAH F e PEEBLES D. Early Autism Screening: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019; 16(18): 3502.
33. VARGASON T, et al. Towards a Multivariate Biomarker-Based Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review and Discussion of Recent Advancements. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 2020; 34: 100803.
34. VOLKMAR FR e WIESNER LA. Autismo: Guia Essencial para Compreensão e Tratamento. Artmed Editora; 2019; 453.
35.WEI H, et al. Awareness and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Western China: Promoting early identification and intervention. Front Psychiatry, 2022; 13: 970611.
36. YU Z, et al. Efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions targeting social function in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 2023; 18(9): 0291720.
37. ZABLOTSKY B, et al. Geographic Disparities in Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Academic Pediatrics, 2019; 19(7): 740–7.
38. ZHUANG H, et al. Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy. MedComm, 2024; 5(3): 497.