Farmacogenética e farmacogenômica na COVID-19
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre farmacogenética e farmacogenômica com a Covid-19. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática seguiu as diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), utilizando as bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. Foram incluídos estudos de caso, observacionais e de bancada em inglês e português, de dezembro de 2019 a dezembro de 2022. Resultados: As diferenças genéticas populacionais influenciam os efeitos dos medicamentos na Covid-19. Estudos destacam a importância de considerar distúrbios metabólicos, como diabetes e dislipidemia, como fatores de risco. A interação farmacogenética entre medicamentos para esses distúrbios e tratamentos para a Covid-19 deve ser avaliada. Polimorfismos genéticos, como GNB3 c.825C>T, apresentam resultados conflitantes, indicando a complexidade das interações genéticas. Outros estudos analisam genes como ACE2, CYP2C19 e variantes do IFITM3, revelando associações e desafios na interpretação dos resultados. Considerações finais: Esta revisão destaca que as distinções genéticas populacionais influenciam a gravidade da Covid-19 e a resposta aos tratamentos farmacológicos. Polimorfismos em genes específicos apresentam resultados variados, indicando a necessidade de estudos mais abrangentes. O uso de medicamentos ainda carece de evidências para o manejo da Covid-19, pois pode apresentar riscos aos pacientes, destacando a importância da farmacogenética e da farmacogenômica na personalização dos tratamentos.
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