Ideação e comportamento suicida em trabalhadores da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise
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Apr 29, 2025
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Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência global de ideação e comportamento suicida, seus fatores relacionados e de proteção dos trabalhadores de saúde (TS). Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática seguiu o guia PRISMA, cadastrada no PROSPERO com o registro CRD42023390093. As buscas ocorreram na PubMed, PsycInfo, MedRXiv e PsyArxiv e no Rayyan CORD-19. Foram incluídas: (1) pesquisas primárias sobre comportamento suicida em TS durante a pandemia da COVID-19, (2) resultados submetidos/publicados em periódicos revisado por pares e (3) estudos quantitativos. Foram excluídos: relatórios secundários, duplicatas e estudos com desfechos diferentes. O software estatístico RStudio foi utilizado para fazer os testes estatísticos e a metanálise de proporção. No total, foram encontrados 9.913 estudos. Resultados: Prevalência de comportamento suicida entre TS no contexto da pandemia de 7% (P = 0.07; 0.05 – 0.10 IC 95% p = 0.01 10 estudos, 41.212 participantes) e 6% (P = 0.06; 0.04-0.11, 8 estudos, 64.119 participantes), respectivamente. As características mais encontradas nas amostras de ICS foram profissionais mulheres, na segunda ou terceira década de vida, com carga horária exaustiva de trabalho, histórico de adoecimento mental, enfermeiros e que vivenciaram com frequência a solidão. Considerações finais: Portanto, atenção especial deve ser dada ao risco de suicídio dos trabalhadores da saúde.
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Como Citar
GarciaC. de L., Silva NetoR. M. da, BarrosA. L. de S., & SouzaB. J. de. (2025). Ideação e comportamento suicida em trabalhadores da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 25, e19328. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e19328.2025
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2. AL-HUMADI S, et al. Depression, Suicidal Thoughts, and Burnout Among Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Academic Psychiatry, [S. l.]. 2021; 45(5): 557–565.
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4. AMMERMAN B, et al. Preliminary investigation of the association between COVID-19 and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the U.S. Journal of psychiatric research, England, 2020; 134: 32–38.
5. ANTONELLI-SALGADO T, et al. Loneliness, but not social distancing, is associated with the incidence of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 outbreak: a longitudinal study. Journal of affective disorders, Netherlands, 2021; 290: 52–60.
6. ASTHANA NK, et al. COVID-19 Associated Suicidal Ideation in Older Adults: Two Case Reports With a Review of the Literature. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry: official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, [S. l.], 2021.
7. BAGCCHI S. Stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, [S. l.], 2020; 20(7): 782.
8. BEHERA C, et al. Trends in deaths attributable to suicide during COVID-19 pandemic and its association with alcohol use and mental disorders: Findings from autopsies conducted in two districts of India.Asian journal of psychiatryNetherlands, 2021.
9. BELL C, et al. Psychological distress, loneliness, alcohol use and suicidality in New Zealanders with mental illness during a strict COVID-19 lockdown. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, England, 2021: 48674211034317.
10. BERARDELLI I, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide ideation and suicide attempts in a sample of psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry research, Ireland, 2021; 303: 114072.
11. BISMARK M, et al. Thoughts of suicide or self-harm among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative analysis of open-ended survey responses. BJPsych open, England, 2022; 8(4): 113.
12. BONSAKSEN T, et al. Suicide Thoughts and Attempts in the Norwegian General Population during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak. International journal of environmental research and public health, [S. l.], 2021; 18(8).
13. BRUFFAERTS R, et al. Suicidality among healthcare professionals during the first COVID19 wave. Journal of affective disorders, Netherlands, 2021; 283: 66–70.
14. BRYAN CJ, et al. Associations among state-level physical distancing measures and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among U.S. adults during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Suicide & life-threatening behavior, [S. l.], 2020; 50(6): 1223–1229.
15. CAI H, et al. Psychological Impact and Coping Strategies of Frontline Medical Staff in Hunan Between January and March 2020 During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in Hubei, China.
Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, [S. l.], 2020; 26.
16. CAI Q, et al. The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: A case-control study. Journal of affective disorders, [S. l.], 2020; 275: 210–215.
17. CHIGWEDERE OC, et al. The Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, [S. l.], 2021; 18: 13.
18. CRASTA D, et al. Modeling suicide risk among parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological inflexibility exacerbates the impact of COVID-19 stressors on interpersonal risk factors for suicide. Journal of contextual behavioral science, Netherlands, 2020; 18: 117–127.
19. CZEISLER MÉ, et al. Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, June 24-3. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, [S. l.], 2020; 69(32): 1049–105.
20. DONATO H e DONATO M, et al. Stages for undertaking a systematic review Acta Medica Portuguesa CELOM, 2019.
21. DURU H. The Continuing Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Well-Being and Mental Health of ICU Healthcare Workers in Turkey: A Single-Centre Cross-Sectional Later-Phase Study. Journal of intensive care medicine, United States, 2022; 37(9): 1206–1214.
22. EFSTATHIOU V et al. Does suicidal ideation increase during the second COVID-19 lockdown? Psychiatry research, Ireland, 2021; 301: 113990.
23. ELSTON DM. Mendeley Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Mosby Inc, 2019.
24. HILL RM, et al. Suicide Ideation and Attempts in a Pediatric Emergency Department Before and During COVID-19. Pediatrics, United States, 2020; 147(3).
25. HOLMES EA, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, [S. l.], 2020; 7(6): 547–560.
26. ISLAM MS, et al. Depressive symptoms associated with COVID-19 preventive practice measures, daily activities in home quarantine and suicidal behaviors: Findings from a large-scale online survey in Bangladesh. BMC psychiatry, [S. l.], 2021; 21(1): 273.
27. JOHNSON SU. Psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19-positive individuals in the general population: Trajectories of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Psychiatry research, Ireland, 2022; 317: 114806.
28. JONSSON J, et al. Low-quality employment trajectories and risk of common mental disorders, substance use disorders and suicide attempt: a longitudinal study of the Swedish workforce. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, Finland, 2021.
29. KATSUTA N, et al. Elevated depressive symptoms among newer and younger healthcare workers in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neuropsychopharmacology reports, United States, 2021; 41(4): 544–547.
30. KILLGORE WDS, et al. Loneliness during the first half-year of COVID-19 Lockdowns. Psychiatry research Ireland, 2020.
31. KILLGORE WDS, et al. Three months of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown. Psychiatry research Ireland, 2020.
32. KILLGORE e WILLIAM DS, et al. A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19. Psychiatry research Ireland, 2020.
33. KNOWLES JRP, et al. The Role of Hope and Resilience in Protecting Against Suicidal thoughts and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Archives of suicide research: official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, England, 2021: 1–18.
34. KUDINOVA AY, et al. COVID-19 Related Daily Stressors, Coping, and Suicidal Ideation in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Youth. Child & youth care forum, [S. l.], 2021: 1–14.
35. LI DJ, et al. COVID-19-Related Factors Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts among the Taiwanese Public: A Facebook Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, [S. l.], 2020; 17(12).
36. LI H, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, [S. l.], 2020; 55(5): 105951.
37. LIXIA W, et al. A cross-sectional study of the psychological status of 33,706 hospital workers at the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of affective disorders, [S. l.], 2021; 297: 156–168.
38. MAMUN MA, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of COVID-19 suicidal behavior in Bangladeshi population: are healthcare professionals at greater risk? Heliyon, [S. l.], 2020; 6(10): 5259.
39. MAMUN MA, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study. Journal of affective disorders, Netherlands, 2021; 279: 462–472.
40. MAUNDER R, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, [S. l.], 2003; 168(10): 1245–1251.
41. MELHEM NM e BRENT DA. Debate: The toll of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Child and adolescent mental health, England, 2021; 26(3): 274–275.
42. MEMON RS, et al. Role of Social Media in Psychiatry During Pandemic: A Potential Risk for Suicidal Ideation. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, United States, 2021; 209(9): 681–683.
43. MOHER D, et al. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, [S. l.], 2009; 6(7): 1000097.
44. MORTIER P, et al. Thirty-day suicidal thoughts and behaviors among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak. Depression and anxiety, [S. l.], 2021; 38(5): 528–544.
45. MUKA T, et al. A 24-step guide on how to design, conduct, and successfully publish a systematic review and meta-analysis in medical research. European Journal of Epidemiology, [S. l.], 2020; 35(1): 49–60.
46. MURATA S, et al. The psychiatric sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents, adults, and health care workers. Depression and anxiety, [S. l.], 2021; 38(2): 233–246.
47. NICHTER B, et al. Prevalence and Trends in Suicidal Behavior Among US Military Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA psychiatry, United States, 2021.
48. NOMURA K, et al. Cross-sectional survey of depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation at a Japanese national university during the COVID-19 stay-home order. Environmental health and preventive medicine, [S. l.], 2021; 26(1): 30.
49. NUNES CLN, et al. Uso da imputação múltipla de dados faltantes: uma simulação utilizando dados epidemiológicos Multiple imputations for missing data: a simulation with epidemiological data. [S. l.], 2009.
50. OLAYA B, et al. Prevalence of Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of clinical medicine, Switzerland, 2021; 10(15).
51. OMS. Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide, 2020. Disponível em: https ://www.who.int/news/item/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide. Acesso em: 16 dez. 2021.
52. PARTHASARATHY R, et al. Mental health issues among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic - A study from India. Asian journal of psychiatry, Netherlands, 2021; 58: 102626.
53. POON YSR, et al. A global overview of healthcare workers’ turnover intention amid COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review with future directions. Human Resources for Health, [S. l.], 2022; 20(1): 1–18.
54. PRETI E, et al. The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence. Current Psychiatry Reports, [S. l.], 2020; 22(8): 1–22.
55. RANGACHARI P e WOODS J. Preserving Organizational Resilience, Patient Safety, and Staff Retention during COVID-19 Requires a Holistic Consideration of the Psychological Safety of Healthcare Workers. International journal of environmental research and public health, [S. l.], 2020; 17(12).
56. ROBERT R, et al. Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Annals of Intensive Care, [S. l.], 2020; 10(1): 1–9.
57. SÁNCHEZ D, et al. Suicidal thoughts and burnout among physicians during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Psychiatry research, Ireland, 2023; 321: 115057.
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