Disbiose intestinal e inflamação: implicação para a obesidade e metabolismo energético
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Resumo
Objetivo: Descrever o papel da microbiota intestinal na manutenção da inflamação sistêmica de baixo grau e sua relação com a obesidade e o metabolismo energético. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, considerando estudos publicados entre 2014 e 2023. Foram incluídos artigos sobre resistência à insulina, inflamação crônica, microbiota intestinal e obesidade, resultando em 34 estudos analisados. Resultados: A análise indicou que dietas hipercalóricas estão associadas à disbiose intestinal, aumento de marcadores inflamatórios e endotoxemia, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de obesidade e resistência à insulina. A microbiota, ao interagir com a dieta, desempenha um papel crítico na regulação do metabolismo energético e da inflamação sistêmica de baixo grau. A alteração na composição bacteriana, com o aumento de Firmicutes e a diminuição de Bacteroidetes, está relacionada à maior permeabilidade intestinal e translocação de lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) para a circulação, desencadeando inflamação crônica. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii têm um papel protetor, produzindo metabólitos anti-inflamatórios, que melhoram a integridade da barreira intestinal e reduzem a inflamação sistêmica. Considerações finais: A disbiose intestinal, induzida por dietas inadequadas, pode desencadear inflamação crônica e contribuir significativamente para a obesidade reforçando a necessidade de intervenções dietéticas para a promoção da saúde metabólica.
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