Impacto do polimorfismo do citocromo P450 na farmacocinética dos opioides
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Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto dos polimorfismos dos genes codificadores das enzimas do citocromo P450 nos padrões farmacocinéticos dos opioides, além de investigar sua influência na ocorrência de reações adversas e desordens relacionadas ao uso dessa importante classe farmacológica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, as bases de dados utilizadas foram PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e SciELO. Resultados: Um total de 300 artigos foram recuperados com base nas estratégias de busca, além de 2 artigos de fontes externas. Dentre os artigos analisados, 296 foram excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão. Ao final da análise, 6 artigos foram selecionados. Os polimorfismos mais investigados envolveram os genes CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2D6, CYP2B6 e CYP1A2. Considerações finais: Estudos de farmacogenética são essenciais, especialmente os que investigam os polimorfismos dos genes responsáveis pelas enzimas do complexo CYP450, pois ajudam a otimizar e individualizar os tratamentos farmacoterapêuticos com opioides. No entanto, ainda existem várias lacunas a serem exploradas nesse campo, reforçando a necessidade de novos estudos e do desenvolvimento de ferramentas que viabilizem a aplicação desses conhecimentos em larga escala na prática clínica.
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