Vírus oncolíticos no tratamento de câncer cerebral
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Resumo
Objetivo: Descobrir qual o resultado do uso de vírus oncolíticos (VO) para a terapêutica de câncer cerebral, observando seus diferentes mecanismos de ação e vantagens ou desvantagens específicas. Métodos: Esta revisão integrativa selecionou 30 artigos nas seguintes bases de dados: MedLine, Pubmed e IBECS. Incluíram-se estudos clínicos, pré-clínicos e experimentações in vitro publicados de 2020 a 2025. Resultados: Vários vírus oncolíticos se mostraram eficazes no combate ao câncer cerebral, evidenciando a capacidade para induzir a desintegração de células cancerosas. Os estudos ressaltaram mecanismos como lise celular, ajuste imunológico, obstrução de PD-1 e potencial sinergia com outras modalidades terapêuticas. Desafios como a distribuição efetiva do vírus, a resposta imune do sujeito e a toxicidade necessitam ser superados para uma implementação clínica. Visto que, a acurácia dos VO na identificação de células tumorais e sua capacidade de alteração do tumor são vantagens notáveis, indicando um potencial se combinados com as terapias tradicionais. Considerações finais: A terapia viral oncolítica surge como uma nova possibilidade terapêutica, sendo necessários mais estudos para verificar sua eficiência e segurança em grupos maiores de pacientes.
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