Associação e prevalência dos vírus HIV e HTLV-1 em doenças oncológicas
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Publicado
May 3, 2025
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Resumo
Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e o vírus linfotrópico T humano Tipo 1 (HTLV-1) e o desenvolvimento de doenças oncológicas. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, seguindo a estratégia PICO, o levantamento foi feito nas bases MEDLINE e PUBMED. Utilizaram-se os descritores: “HIV”, “HTLV-1” e “cancer”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos na íntegra, nos últimos 10 anos, com metodologia de acordo com o objetivo proposto. Foram apurados 119 artigos e 20 foram selecionados. Resultados: O HTLV-1 e o HIV desempenham papeis significativos na carcinogênese por meio da imunossupressão, inflamação crônica e ativação de proteínas e genes específicos. O HIV está associado ao aumento do risco de linfoma não-Hodgkin (NHL), câncer cervical, colorretal e sarcoma de Kaposi. O HTLV-1 é a principal causa da leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATL) e de outros linfomas. Além disso, fatores de risco como idade, histórico familiar e coinfecções, incluindo Epstein-Barr e papilomavírus humano (HPV), contribuem para a progressão tumoral. Considerações finais: A infecção por HIV e HTLV-1 está diretamente relacionada ao aumento de neoplasias. Assim, são necessárias novas pesquisas para aprimorar abordagens terapêuticas e profiláticas no sistema de saúde.
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Como Citar
BelchiorL. R., Barros FilhoM. B. de, BandeiraF. do C., GomesS. C. de A., ResendeL. L., FerreiraL. N., CunhaD. de O., Leão-CordeiroJ. A. B., BorgesS. C., & SilvaA. M. T. C. (2025). Associação e prevalência dos vírus HIV e HTLV-1 em doenças oncológicas. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 25(5), e20148. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e20148.2025
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica
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Referências
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16. KALINICHENKO S, et al. HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Transmission Modes: Mechanisms and Importance for Virus Spread. Viruses, 2022; 14(1): 152.
17. KAWANO N, et al. The clinical impact of human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection on the development of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) / atypical HAM after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and renal transplantation. Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology: JCEH, 2018; 58(3): 107–121.
18. KELLY TA, et al. Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African American Men Living with HIV. Journal of Community Health, 2021; 46(6): 1099–1106.
19. LUCKETT R, et al. Triage of HPV positivity in a high HIV prevalence setting: A prospective cohort study comparing visual triage methods and HPV genotype restriction in Botswana. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2024; 165(2): 507–518.
20. LURAIN K, et al. Immunophenotypic analysis in participants with Kaposi sarcoma following pomalidomide administration. AIDS (London, England), 2023; 37(11): 1693–1703.
21. MINNAAR CA, et al. Analysis of the effects of mEHT on the treatment-related toxicity and quality of life of HIV-positive cervical cancer patients. International Journal of Hyperthermia: The Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group, 2020; 37(1): 263–272.
22. MULHERKAR TH, et al. Co-Infection and Cancer: Host-Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses. Viruses, 2022; 14(9): 2037.
23. MURAKAMI D, et al. Clinicopathological analysis of sinonasal malignant lymphoma in an HTLV-1 endemic area in Japan -special focus on primary sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology: JCEH, 2019; 59(3): 101–107.
24. NYLAND SB, et al. Retroviral sero-reactivity in LGL leukaemia patients and family members. British Journal of Haematology, 2020; 188(4): 522–527.
25. PALEFSKY JM, et al. Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions to Prevent Anal Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2022; 386(24): 2273–2282.
26. PATEL JJ, et al. Critical Appraisal of a Systematic Review: A Concise Review. Critical Care Medicine, 2022; 50(9): 1371–1379.
27. PEREIRA M, VALE N. Saquinavir: From HIV to COVID-19 and Cancer Treatment. Biomolecules, 2022; 12(7): 944.
28. RAMOS JC, et al. Impact of Myc in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with EPOCH and outcomes with vorinostat (AMC-075 trial). Blood, 2020; 136(11): 1284–1297.
29. RUBINSTEIN PG, et al. Brentuximab vedotin with AVD shows safety, in the absence of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, in newly diagnosed HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma. AIDS (London, England), 2018; 32(5): 605–611.
30. SHARMA K, et al. Phase II Study of Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1) in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Adult T-cell Leukemia/lymphoma. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2017; 23(1): 35–42.
31. SHMAKOVA A, et al. HIV¿1, HAART and cancer: A complex relationship. International Journal of Cancer, 2020; 146(10): 2666–2679.
32. SPINDLER L, et al. Screening for precancerous anal lesions linked to human papillomaviruses: French recommendations for clinical practice. Techniques in Coloproctology, 2024; 28(1): 23.
33. SVENSSON JP. Targeting Epigenetics to Cure HIV-1: Lessons From (and for) Cancer Treatment. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2021; 11: 668637.
34. TAN BJ, et al. HTLV-1 persistence and leukemogenesis: A game of hide-and-seek with the host immune system. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022; 13: 991928.
35. THANDRA KC, et al. Epidemiology of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2021; 9(1): 5.
36. UNAIDS. Programa Conjunto das Nações Unidas para HIV/AIDS. 2024. Disponível em:
37. VACCHER E, et al. Lymphomas in People Living with HIV. Hemato, 2022; 3(3): 527–542.
38. VALCARCEL B, et al. Epidemiological Features and Outcomes of HTLV-1 Carriers Diagnosed With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Endemic Country. JCO Global Oncology, 2023; 9: e2200369.
39. WOLF S, et al. HTLV-1-related adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: insights in early detection and management. Current Opinion in Oncology, 2022; 34(5): 446–453.
40. YIN X, et al. Sensor Sensibility—HIV-1 and the Innate Immune Response. Cells, 2020; 9(1): 254.
2. AMINI AP, et al. The association between penile cancer and HIV infection: A literature review. International journal of STD & AIDS, 2023; 34(4): 214–228.
3. BLUMENTHAL MJ, et al. EPHA2 sequence variants are associated with susceptibility to Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma prevalence in HIV-infected patients. Cancer Epidemiology, 2018; 56: 133–139.
4. CASTLE PE, et al. Cervical cancer prevention and control in women living with human immunodeficiency virus. Ca, 2021; 71(6): 505–526.
5. CASTILHO JL, et al. CD4/CD8 Ratio and Cancer Risk Among Adults With HIV. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2022; 114(6): 854–862.
6. CHEMINANT M, et al. KIR3DL2 contributes to the typing of acute adult T-cell leukemia and is a potential therapeutic target. Blood, 2022; 140(13): 1522–1532.
7. CHEN J, et al. The reservoir of latent HIV. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2022; 12: 945956.
8. CHUNG MH, et al. Human Papillomavirus Persistence and Association With Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia After Cryotherapy vs Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure Among HIV-Positive Women: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA oncology, 2021; 7(10): 1514–1520.
9. COHN LB, et al. The Biology of the HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Implications for Cure Strategies. Cell Host & Microbe, 2020; 27(4): 519–530.
10. GOSENS KC, et al. HPV vaccination to prevent recurrence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV+ MSM. AIDS (London, England), 2021; 35(11): 1753–1764.
11. HATANO Y, et al. Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis. Cancers, 2021; 13(11): 2625.
12. HIROSAWA M, et al. Reduced-intensity haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation using low-dose thymoglobulin for aggressive adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma patients in non-complete remission. Annals of Hematology, 2020; 99(3): 599–607.
13. INCA. Instituto Nacional do Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. O que é câncer? Disponível em:
14. JOSEPH J, et al. Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2023; 13(1): 14.
15. JUDD A, et al. Tendências de longo prazo na mortalidade e eventos definidores de AIDS após o início da TAR combinada entre crianças e adolescentes com infecção perinatal por HIV em 17 países de renda média e alta na Europa e Tailândia: Um estudo de coorte. PLoS medicine, 2018; 15(1): e1002491.
16. KALINICHENKO S, et al. HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Transmission Modes: Mechanisms and Importance for Virus Spread. Viruses, 2022; 14(1): 152.
17. KAWANO N, et al. The clinical impact of human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection on the development of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) / atypical HAM after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and renal transplantation. Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology: JCEH, 2018; 58(3): 107–121.
18. KELLY TA, et al. Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African American Men Living with HIV. Journal of Community Health, 2021; 46(6): 1099–1106.
19. LUCKETT R, et al. Triage of HPV positivity in a high HIV prevalence setting: A prospective cohort study comparing visual triage methods and HPV genotype restriction in Botswana. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2024; 165(2): 507–518.
20. LURAIN K, et al. Immunophenotypic analysis in participants with Kaposi sarcoma following pomalidomide administration. AIDS (London, England), 2023; 37(11): 1693–1703.
21. MINNAAR CA, et al. Analysis of the effects of mEHT on the treatment-related toxicity and quality of life of HIV-positive cervical cancer patients. International Journal of Hyperthermia: The Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group, 2020; 37(1): 263–272.
22. MULHERKAR TH, et al. Co-Infection and Cancer: Host-Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses. Viruses, 2022; 14(9): 2037.
23. MURAKAMI D, et al. Clinicopathological analysis of sinonasal malignant lymphoma in an HTLV-1 endemic area in Japan -special focus on primary sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology: JCEH, 2019; 59(3): 101–107.
24. NYLAND SB, et al. Retroviral sero-reactivity in LGL leukaemia patients and family members. British Journal of Haematology, 2020; 188(4): 522–527.
25. PALEFSKY JM, et al. Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions to Prevent Anal Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2022; 386(24): 2273–2282.
26. PATEL JJ, et al. Critical Appraisal of a Systematic Review: A Concise Review. Critical Care Medicine, 2022; 50(9): 1371–1379.
27. PEREIRA M, VALE N. Saquinavir: From HIV to COVID-19 and Cancer Treatment. Biomolecules, 2022; 12(7): 944.
28. RAMOS JC, et al. Impact of Myc in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with EPOCH and outcomes with vorinostat (AMC-075 trial). Blood, 2020; 136(11): 1284–1297.
29. RUBINSTEIN PG, et al. Brentuximab vedotin with AVD shows safety, in the absence of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, in newly diagnosed HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma. AIDS (London, England), 2018; 32(5): 605–611.
30. SHARMA K, et al. Phase II Study of Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1) in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Adult T-cell Leukemia/lymphoma. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2017; 23(1): 35–42.
31. SHMAKOVA A, et al. HIV¿1, HAART and cancer: A complex relationship. International Journal of Cancer, 2020; 146(10): 2666–2679.
32. SPINDLER L, et al. Screening for precancerous anal lesions linked to human papillomaviruses: French recommendations for clinical practice. Techniques in Coloproctology, 2024; 28(1): 23.
33. SVENSSON JP. Targeting Epigenetics to Cure HIV-1: Lessons From (and for) Cancer Treatment. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2021; 11: 668637.
34. TAN BJ, et al. HTLV-1 persistence and leukemogenesis: A game of hide-and-seek with the host immune system. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022; 13: 991928.
35. THANDRA KC, et al. Epidemiology of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2021; 9(1): 5.
36. UNAIDS. Programa Conjunto das Nações Unidas para HIV/AIDS. 2024. Disponível em:
37. VACCHER E, et al. Lymphomas in People Living with HIV. Hemato, 2022; 3(3): 527–542.
38. VALCARCEL B, et al. Epidemiological Features and Outcomes of HTLV-1 Carriers Diagnosed With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Endemic Country. JCO Global Oncology, 2023; 9: e2200369.
39. WOLF S, et al. HTLV-1-related adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: insights in early detection and management. Current Opinion in Oncology, 2022; 34(5): 446–453.
40. YIN X, et al. Sensor Sensibility—HIV-1 and the Innate Immune Response. Cells, 2020; 9(1): 254.