Câncer cervical e polimorfismos no gene XRCC1
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Resumo
Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o desenvolvimento do câncer cervical, enfatizando os dados epidemiológicos, a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) na carcinogênese e o papel do gene XRCC1 no reparo do DNA, a fim de fornecer informações valiosas para a comunidade médica e científica. Revisão Bibliográfica: O câncer cervical é a quarta neoplasia maligna mais comum no mundo. Apesar dos fatores de risco ambientais, comportamentais e genéticos conhecidos, seu manejo ainda é inadequado. A infecção persistente por HPV oncogênico é um fator de risco bem estabelecido; no entanto, nem todos os indivíduos infectados desenvolvem câncer cervical, sugerindo a participação de mecanismos adicionais. Dentre esses, os polimorfismos no gene XRCC1 têm ganhado destaque. O XRCC1 codifica uma proteína estrutural essencial para a coordenação da reparação do DNA e regulação do ciclo celular. Três polimorfismos principais do XRCC1—Arg194Trp, Arg280His e Arg399Gln—estão associados à deficiência na reparação do DNA, instabilidade genômica e maior susceptibilidade ao câncer cervical. Considerações Finais: Um entendimento mais profundo dos mecanismos genéticos e celulares subjacentes ao câncer cervical pode facilitar o desenvolvimento de intervenções médicas direcionadas para as mulheres, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e redução da mortalidade.
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