Evidências atuais sobre fluorose dentária em crianças
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Publicado
Jun 3, 2025
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Resumo
Objetivo: Selecionar e analisar achados recentes da literatura sobre fluorose dentária (FD) em crianças. Métodos: Para esta revisão integrativa, foi construída uma estratégia de busca para a base de dados Pubmed, em março de 2025, usando os descritores dental fluorosis, mottle enamel, enamel defective e dentistry, juntamente com operadores booleanos. Foram selecionados artigos publicados no período de cinco anos, com o intuito de compilar evidências mais recentes sobre a temática. Resultados: Após a leitura de título, resumo e/ou texto completo foram incluídos 23 estudos. 60,86% dos estudos avaliaram fatores de risco, causas e prevalência da FD e 21,73% dos estudos visaram discutir características e gravidade da FD. O artigo mais antigo foi publicado em 2020 e o mais recente em 2025. Considerações finais: A maioria dos artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos tem desenho observacional e abordam a temática epidemiologia. Apesar de essencial para a prevenção da doença cárie, o flúor tem seu controle de ingestão recomendado pela literatura. Pesquisas futuras abordando lacunas do conhecimento são necessárias para discutir estratégias de tratamento e acompanhamento da FD.
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Como Citar
GoebelM. C., RochaA. de O., AnjosL. M. dos, GarciaJ. M., RamosI., PinhoN. S., RosárioA. M. do, SantosP. S., VitaliF. C., & CardosoM. (2025). Evidências atuais sobre fluorose dentária em crianças. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 25(6), e20507. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e20507.2025
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica
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Referências
1. ALSHAMMARI FR, et al. Dental fluorosis prevalence in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dental Journal, 2021; 33:7.
2. ARHEIAM A, et al. Dental fluorosis and its associated factors amongst Libyan schoolchildren. International Dental Journal, 2022; 72:6.
3. ASSUNÇÃO TS, et al. Fluorose dentária: da etiologia ao tratamento. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 2024; 6:1.
4. CARDOSO K, et al. Uma análise abrangente sobre aplicação de laserterapia em odontopediatria. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 2024; 24: 9.
5. CHURCHILL HV, et al. The occurrence of fluorides in some waters of the United States. American Water Works Association, 1931; 23:9.
6. CURTIS AM, et al. Decline in dental fluorosis severity during adolescence: a cohort study. Journal of Dental Research, 2020; 99:4.
7. DAS G, et al. Effect of fluoride concentration in drinking water on dental fluorosis in Southwest Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020; 17:11.
8. DEAN HT. Classification of mottled enamel diagnosis. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1934; 21:8.
9. DO LG, et al. Early Childhood Exposures to Fluorides and Cognitive Neurodevelopment: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Journal of Dental Research. 2024; 104:3.
10. DONG H, et al. Associations of low level of fluoride exposure with dental fluorosis among U.S. children and adolescents, NHANES 2015-2016. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021; 221:112439.
11. FEJERSKOV O, et al. Dental Fluorosis: A Handbook for Healthcare Professionals. São Paulo: Santos, 1994; 122p.
12. FREITAS CH, et al. Reflexões metodológicas sobre prevalência da fluorose dentária nos inquéritos de saúde bucal. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2013; 47:Suppl 3.
13. GALLEGO-REYES SM, et al. Potential risk of dental fluorosis associated with different baby formulas and water brands marketed in Spain. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2024; 48:1.
14. GAMARRA J, et al. Association between fluoride intake from drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis in Northern and Western Mexico: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 2024; 24:1.
15. GARCÍA-ESCOBAR TM, et al. Moderate and severe dental fluorosis in the rural population of Anantapur, India: change in their biological susceptibility? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022; 19:18.
16. GAVILA P, et al. Salivary proteomic signatures in severe dental fluorosis. Scientific Reports, 2024; 14:1.
17. GOEBEL MC, et al. A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited papers concerning dental fluorosis. Caries Research, 2023; 57:4.
18. IHEOZOR-EJIOFOR Z, et al. Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2024; 10:10.
19. KANG T, et al. Analyzing dental fluorosis data using a novel Bayesian model for clustered longitudinal ordinal outcomes with an inflated category. Statistics in Medicine, 2023; 42:6.
20. LIU JZ, et al. The occurrence, severity degree, and associated risk factors of dental fluorosis among the 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jilin, China. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021; 100:22.
21. MARTIGNON S, et al. Epidemiology of erosive tooth wear, dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization in the American continent. Caries Research, 2021; 55:1.
22. MEDINA VARELA AF, et al. An inverse relationship between dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization in Mexican schoolchildren in an area with a high concentration of fluoride in drinking water: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2024; 19:9.
23. MONTANHER PL, et al. Impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life: a systematic review. Clinical Oral Investigations, 2024; 28:11.
24. NASSAR Y, et al. The role of fluoride on caries prevention. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
25. OLIVEIRA CHAGAS F, et al. Fluoride in drinking groundwater and prevalence of fluorosis in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana, 2023; 36:3.
26. PETROVIĆ B, et al. Toothpaste ingestion-evaluating the problem and ensuring safety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 2023; 11:1279915.
27. RAUT AW, et al. Conservative esthetic management of severe dental fluorosis with in-office power bleaching. Annals of African Medicine, 2020; 19:3.
28. RANI R, et al. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in fluoride endemic areas of Rohtak district, Haryana. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2022; 40:2.
29. RESTREPO M, et al. Association between frequency and severity of dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2022; 46:1.
30. ROCHA AO, et al. Evidências atuais sobre clareamento dental: uma revisão integrativa. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 2022; 15:4.
31. SALDARRIAGA A, et al. Dental fluorosis according to birth cohort and fluoride markers in an endemic region of Colombia. Scientific World Journal, 2021; 201:6662940.
32. SALDARRIAGA A, et al. Clinical changes in the severity of dental fluorosis: a longitudinal evaluation. BMC Oral Health, 2021; 21:1.
33. SATTI AS, et al. A comparative evaluation of the fluoride content in commercially available infant formulae in India: an in vitro study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2023; 41:4.
34. SHYAM R, et al. Impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life among 11- to 14-year-old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India). International Dental Journal, 2020; 70:5.
35. SHYAM R, et al. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and treatment needs among 11-14 years old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2021; 32:1.
36. SILVA MCC, et al. Effect of fluoridated water on dental caries and fluorosis in schoolchildren who use fluoridated dentifrice. Brazilian Dental Journal, 2021; 32: 3.
37. SINGHAL R, et al. Correlation of fluoride intake with hemoglobin level and intelligence quotient in 8-12 year aged children: an observational study from India. BMC Public Health, 2025; 25: 1.
38. SINGHANIA S, et al. Resin infiltration and remineralization interventions in management of moderate dental fluorosis: a quantitative light-induced fluorescence-based randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2021; 32:3.
39. THYLSTRUP A, FEJERSKOV O. Clinical appearance of dental fluorosis in permanent teeth in relation to histologic changes. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1978; 6:6.
40. WONG MCM, et al. Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2024; 6:6.
2. ARHEIAM A, et al. Dental fluorosis and its associated factors amongst Libyan schoolchildren. International Dental Journal, 2022; 72:6.
3. ASSUNÇÃO TS, et al. Fluorose dentária: da etiologia ao tratamento. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 2024; 6:1.
4. CARDOSO K, et al. Uma análise abrangente sobre aplicação de laserterapia em odontopediatria. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 2024; 24: 9.
5. CHURCHILL HV, et al. The occurrence of fluorides in some waters of the United States. American Water Works Association, 1931; 23:9.
6. CURTIS AM, et al. Decline in dental fluorosis severity during adolescence: a cohort study. Journal of Dental Research, 2020; 99:4.
7. DAS G, et al. Effect of fluoride concentration in drinking water on dental fluorosis in Southwest Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020; 17:11.
8. DEAN HT. Classification of mottled enamel diagnosis. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1934; 21:8.
9. DO LG, et al. Early Childhood Exposures to Fluorides and Cognitive Neurodevelopment: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Journal of Dental Research. 2024; 104:3.
10. DONG H, et al. Associations of low level of fluoride exposure with dental fluorosis among U.S. children and adolescents, NHANES 2015-2016. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021; 221:112439.
11. FEJERSKOV O, et al. Dental Fluorosis: A Handbook for Healthcare Professionals. São Paulo: Santos, 1994; 122p.
12. FREITAS CH, et al. Reflexões metodológicas sobre prevalência da fluorose dentária nos inquéritos de saúde bucal. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2013; 47:Suppl 3.
13. GALLEGO-REYES SM, et al. Potential risk of dental fluorosis associated with different baby formulas and water brands marketed in Spain. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2024; 48:1.
14. GAMARRA J, et al. Association between fluoride intake from drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis in Northern and Western Mexico: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 2024; 24:1.
15. GARCÍA-ESCOBAR TM, et al. Moderate and severe dental fluorosis in the rural population of Anantapur, India: change in their biological susceptibility? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022; 19:18.
16. GAVILA P, et al. Salivary proteomic signatures in severe dental fluorosis. Scientific Reports, 2024; 14:1.
17. GOEBEL MC, et al. A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited papers concerning dental fluorosis. Caries Research, 2023; 57:4.
18. IHEOZOR-EJIOFOR Z, et al. Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2024; 10:10.
19. KANG T, et al. Analyzing dental fluorosis data using a novel Bayesian model for clustered longitudinal ordinal outcomes with an inflated category. Statistics in Medicine, 2023; 42:6.
20. LIU JZ, et al. The occurrence, severity degree, and associated risk factors of dental fluorosis among the 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jilin, China. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021; 100:22.
21. MARTIGNON S, et al. Epidemiology of erosive tooth wear, dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization in the American continent. Caries Research, 2021; 55:1.
22. MEDINA VARELA AF, et al. An inverse relationship between dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization in Mexican schoolchildren in an area with a high concentration of fluoride in drinking water: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2024; 19:9.
23. MONTANHER PL, et al. Impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life: a systematic review. Clinical Oral Investigations, 2024; 28:11.
24. NASSAR Y, et al. The role of fluoride on caries prevention. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
25. OLIVEIRA CHAGAS F, et al. Fluoride in drinking groundwater and prevalence of fluorosis in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana, 2023; 36:3.
26. PETROVIĆ B, et al. Toothpaste ingestion-evaluating the problem and ensuring safety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 2023; 11:1279915.
27. RAUT AW, et al. Conservative esthetic management of severe dental fluorosis with in-office power bleaching. Annals of African Medicine, 2020; 19:3.
28. RANI R, et al. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in fluoride endemic areas of Rohtak district, Haryana. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2022; 40:2.
29. RESTREPO M, et al. Association between frequency and severity of dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2022; 46:1.
30. ROCHA AO, et al. Evidências atuais sobre clareamento dental: uma revisão integrativa. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 2022; 15:4.
31. SALDARRIAGA A, et al. Dental fluorosis according to birth cohort and fluoride markers in an endemic region of Colombia. Scientific World Journal, 2021; 201:6662940.
32. SALDARRIAGA A, et al. Clinical changes in the severity of dental fluorosis: a longitudinal evaluation. BMC Oral Health, 2021; 21:1.
33. SATTI AS, et al. A comparative evaluation of the fluoride content in commercially available infant formulae in India: an in vitro study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2023; 41:4.
34. SHYAM R, et al. Impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life among 11- to 14-year-old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India). International Dental Journal, 2020; 70:5.
35. SHYAM R, et al. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and treatment needs among 11-14 years old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2021; 32:1.
36. SILVA MCC, et al. Effect of fluoridated water on dental caries and fluorosis in schoolchildren who use fluoridated dentifrice. Brazilian Dental Journal, 2021; 32: 3.
37. SINGHAL R, et al. Correlation of fluoride intake with hemoglobin level and intelligence quotient in 8-12 year aged children: an observational study from India. BMC Public Health, 2025; 25: 1.
38. SINGHANIA S, et al. Resin infiltration and remineralization interventions in management of moderate dental fluorosis: a quantitative light-induced fluorescence-based randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2021; 32:3.
39. THYLSTRUP A, FEJERSKOV O. Clinical appearance of dental fluorosis in permanent teeth in relation to histologic changes. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1978; 6:6.
40. WONG MCM, et al. Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2024; 6:6.